Transport and Communication System of Bangladesh, How about our transport and communication of bangladesh

Transport and Communication System

Transport and communication possess immense importance for the socio-economic development of the country. Transport system is the nerve of the economy which benefits development activities, new technology and ideas etc. are transmitted. In short, transport and communication system is regarded as the measuring rod of economic development. Proper implementation of development program largely depends on transport system. In the post-liberation period, communication system was almost destroyed. Since then steps were taken to develop this sector for expediting economic reconstruction. But for want to required fund and skilled manpower, this sector could not be widely developed as was planned. Developed means of transport and communications are of prime importance between rural and urban localities and therefore, the government has to take immediate action to keep this system running. Although significant development took place in this sector, north—south gap is noteworthy. Construction of 4.80 km lengthy and 18.5 meter wide bridge over Jamuna river has been completed. Construction work of this bridge was taken up from 16 October, 1994 and the longest bridge of the country was ceremonially inaugurated for public movement in the month of June, 1998. Construction of Paksey Bridge along the Padma river was also completed. As a result of constructing these bridges, geographical distance of two parts of the country not only reduced, socio-economic and cultural exchanges have also taken place. '

 Importance of Transport System
Importance of transport and communication system in the economy of Bangladesh is discussed as under:
1. Promotes industrialization: After agriculture, industry occupies the next position in development sector. Developed means of transport and communication has no alternative for marketing of different commodities produced by the industrial sector. If the products are easily marketed, both buyers and sellers are benefited. This will help establish balance between demand and supply and new industries will be established which will ensure economic stability.
2. Meets food deficit : Equitable distribution is on essential pre- requisite for meeting shortage of food. Disequilibrium in food production is natural. That is, some areas face deficit in food production, while others are surplus. This situation can be easily coped with ensuring equitable distribution. The famine in 1974 was the outcome of unsuitable communication system. Therefore, all areas of the country need be well-communicated.

• Meets emergency: Developed means of communication and adequate number of vehicles are essential for transportation of foodstuff in a state of emergency caused by natural calamities like flood, cyclone, tidal bore, famine, fire etc. To expedite relief operation, road communication should be developed in the remote areas. Relief work can also be operated at a lower cost in the navigable areas.

•  Facilitates mobility of labour: Developed transport and communication enhances mobility of labour. It has immense contribution to easily transfer surplus manpower to desired areas and thus ensures parity in the wage rate of the labourers. In addition, due to variation in the soil structure of agricultural cropping pattern also varies from one place to another of the country. This is why most of the labour force in the hope of employment moves to different distant places, which helps reduce volume of unemployment.

• Ensures balanced development: All areas of the country should be Weir-Communicated for balanced development. The areas possessing developed means of transport and communication in comparison to others, can ' be industrially and commercially developed overnight. Therefore, for balanced development of all the regions of the country, developed transport and communication is indispensable.

•  Develops marketing system: Improved communication and adequate number of vehicles have no alternative for developing marketing mechanism. As a result of transportation, agricultural products from distant villages to towns and industrial commodities from towns to village areas, both villages and towns are benefited. This helps create new different market centre on the other. Some of the markets become important.

• Helps equitable distribution: All citizens of the country possess equal right to share its resources and to enjoy government facilities. Village areas should have improved communication system. If communication system of the country is extended from towns to thana headquarters, most of the people will be benefited on the other hand the financial gap between the rural and the urban people come down lower day to day.

• Political importance: For political reasons too, improved system of communication is very important. It bears significant importance to protect the country from external aggression, maintains law order situation and trains up the people to run the country’s administration. The conscious citizens of the country, as a result of increased mobility can judiciously apply their rights to the economic, cultural and political issues. The citizens willing to participate in the state administration can also adopt different steps with their practical experience and knowledge.

•  Social importance: Importance of the society largely depends on the well-developed means of transport and communication. The people of different regions through mutual cultural exchanges become more competent in knowledge and expertise. This helps change status of the society. Traveling to different distant regions also develops mutual relationship. Moreover, developed system of transport and communication can help maintain law and order situation of the country thereby establishing social security.

• Importance on education: Developed system and transport and communication is of immense importance to raise literacy rate, through formal and non-formal education, i.e., through institutional and non-institutional education. If there is developed means of communication, the students of different areas of the country with necessary education in the schools and colleges can march to development. Above all, communication system can also play a vital role to combat unemployment problem. The entrepreneurs of the new industrial concerns will be encouraged to establish their respective units, if they get necessary facilities for production and commercial transaction. They, according to their capability, invest in small and medium business activities. The volume of savings and investments of the country will rise thereby generating employment opportunities. This will finally reduce the dependence of the people from the government.

  Transport and communication possess immense importance for the socio-economic development of the country. Transport system is the nerve of the economy which benefits development activities, new technology and ideas etc. are transmitted. In short, transport and communication system is regarded as the measuring rod of economic development. Proper implementation of development programme largely depends on transport system. In the post-liberation period, communication system was almost destroyed. Since then steps were taken to develop this sector for expediting economic reconstruction. But for want to required fund and skilled manpower, this sector could not be widely developed as was planned. Developed means of transport and communications are of prime importance between rural and urban localities and therefore, the government has to take immediate action to keep this system running. Although significant development took place in this sector, north—south gap is noteworthy. Construction of 4.80 km lengthy and 18.5 meter wide bridge over Jamuna river has been completed. Construction work of this bridge was taken up from 16 October, 1994 and the longest bridge of the country was ceremonially inaugurated for public movement in the month of June, 1998. Construction of Paksey Bridge along the Padma river was also completed. As a result of constructing these bridges, geographical distance of two parts of the country not only reduced, socio-economic and cultural exchanges have also taken place. '
    The feature of transportation system in Bangladesh is given below;

• .     Undeveloped transport system and communications system: Development communication and adequate transportation facilities are of crucial importance for development of the country. After the colonial regime was over, although railway transport was not satisfactorily developed road transport was not satisfactorily developed;

•        Lack of adequate vehicle: Investment in this sector is not adequate as compare to demand for it , especially the number passenger-carrying busses is very few the existing vehicles which at on services, most of them are unsuitable for movement in the metropolitan cities. The government managed BRTC, Bangladesh railway and Bangladesh inland water transport corporation could not also provide necessary facilities to meet the demand.

•        Multi-authorities control: multi-authorities control is allowed in the transport sector by the traffic rule of the country. Side by side with public organizations in rail , air, water and road transport, private individuals, co-operative societies and different organizations are being encouraged for private investment. But In spite of very potential and profitable nature of the investment, the general investors are seldom coming in this line due to its management complication.

• b     Uncertainty in communication system: All the economists recognized developed transport and communication system as an essential pre-requisite for development. But in the case of Bangladesh, this concept could not notably develop. The transport owners only target is to earn profit.

•        Seasonal communication system: In most of the lower areas of Bangladesh, road transport system remains disrupted in the rainy season can be used at the minimum cost for export-import of commodities on commercial basis.

•       Types of communication system: Different types of vehicles are used in different parts of the country for movement. Since the country is the land of rivers, many of its parts have no other means of communication than boat. It is notable that various kinds of carrier like ‘palki’ (man-borne carrier) , carts, boats, motor vehicles etc. are in popular use in the country.

•       Narrow lane: Narrow lane is an important feature of road transport of Bangladesh and the people have the common experience about it. Easy and quick movement in the towns is not possible dye to narrow and less spacious roads here.

 Roads and high ways of Bangladesh
Road transport is of paramount importance in the field of communication . It plays a unique role to reduce the distance between villages and towns. The following table will depict road transport network in the country.

Road length by classification National Highway : 3,812.78 Km Regional Highway : 4,246.97 Km Zilla Road : 13,242.33 Km   Total Road Length : 21,302.08 Km

Bridges & Culvert Bridges : 4,507 Culvert : 13,751

                                                                                      Source :http://www.rhd.gov.bd/
 Importance of road transport
Importance of road transport is described under the following heads;

•     Easy movement: adequate roads are necessary for easy transportation of different commodities including agricultural products, otherwise proper distribution of foodstuff and other daily necessaries of life is bound to jeopardize. Therefore , road transport is of paramount importance for transportation of commodities.

•      Establishment of industries and factories: Although waterways are more popular for establishment of heavy industries, contribution of road transport is very significant. Medium and small industries are mainly established beside the improved roads highways.

• n    Easy marketing: Road transport bears crucial importance for marketing of agricultural product. If the production get road transport facilities they can sell their product easily and earn profit this will provide them incentive to product more in future. Thus goes the importance of road transport in the marketing of agricultural products.

•       Development of education and culture: Road transport is also of crucial importance  in spreading education and developing culture.  It is easier and more suitable than railway and waterways. Railway and water transport are time-bound which can not be easily followed by the common people.

• 5.     Meets emergency: Road transport plays a unique role in relief operation during emergencies. The area deprived from the opportunities of developed road communication is more popular.

• 6.     For transportation: Road transport has no alternative for carrying commodities from door to door. It is not easy to bring all the area of the country under for railway or waterway. Therefore, road transport is the best means for carrying one place to another at minimum cost and time.

• 7.     Brings all area under transport system: Few countries are located in plain land. There is abundance of rivers, hills and mountains. Hilly areas neither have railway nor river transport facilities. Road and air transport are the only means of communication. Greater sylhet and chittagong districts fall in this category and of this reason road transport here is for crucial importance.

• 8.     Employment: Food for work programme is one of the notable programmes implemented for rural development in Bangladesh. It is necessary for hungry millions of the rural areas during their leisure time. For this reason, road construction in certain areas is appreciated. Besides, many people are earning their livelihood by means of working in the road transport sector.

• Problem of road communication

• Road transport is not and unmixed blessing. It is very important; but at the same time possesses hazards to. Following are the problems of road communication ;

• 1.     Natural structure:  Bangladesh is characterized by its plenty of high and low land. The northern part of Bangladesh especially possessed much low land and that is why construction of road so very difficult and expensive there.

• 2.     Cause flood: At the time of road construction in the rural areas required number of bridges and culverts are not provided which cause flood in some areas.

• 3.     Seasonal construction work: Bangladesh is a country of excess rainfall so for this reason  construction work of roads and highways of road  implemented in the rural villages under the financial assistance provided by the local and foreign donors. Therefore in most cases roads are left half done for which these are severely damaged due to rainfall particularly during the rainy season.

• 4.     Lack of construction materials: Bangladesh has not only paucity of found necessary for construction of  pucca/metal  road, but also she lags in sufficient construction materials. Many times it has to depend on neighboring country for procurement of stones. Moreover , cement. Rod, machinery are need be imported from abroad, his heavily raises construction cost, which is very difficult for the government.

• 5.     Congested road: The problem in the past did not deeply foresee for the development aspect and for this reason the roads become narrow. Now-a days difficulties are encountered for movement in these roads.

• 6.     Construction of high road in the low area: Construction of road in the low areas of the country is of different type. Land of the surrounding areas remains under water for a long time and for this reason the roads need be constructed high. This raises construction cost of the road.

 Roads and highways division
 The government emphasized on making the  roads and highway division dynamic keeping in mind its importance. To this end, road transport corporation was established in 1961 for introducing an appropriate and cost effective transport system country-wide which has been functioning as the Bangladesh road transport corporation(BRTC) since 1971. Initially this organization started functioning from march ,1971 with only 4 buses in Dhaka city. In addition to passenger busses this organization has been contributing for exporting and importing commodities by its truck division.For operation of this program truck division of BRTC  has been rendering valuable services as one its subsidiary branches. The truck division government/ semi government autonomous bodies and serves as the barometer of determining freight.
Bangladesh Railway
Bangladesh railway is the most of inland transport services. It plays a significant role for developing economic infrastructure of the country. Railway in this country was first introduced during the British Rule by commissioning 52.8 k.m. railway road from Darshana to Jagati. Subsequently the government considering importance of railway extend its activities for gradual development of this sector. The railway during the estwhile Pakistani regime recorded remarkable progress. Since construction of railroad  is expensive, a little railroad has been constructed after the birth of Bangladesh. The government has some new programmes for increasing railway track. Among others, construction of 100 K.m. metre gauge line from Joydevpur near Dhaka to Bhuapur of Tangail district in the east bank of the Jamuna Bridge and another 120  k.m. broad gauge line from Sirajganj to Bogra in the west bank i.e., total 220 k.m. rail line under the Jamuna Bridge Rail link Project, is especially notable. As per statistical information in 2010, total railway track of the country is 2835.04 k.m., out of which is Broad gauge 374.83 k.m. is Duelgauge & 1800.88 are meter gauge.Importance of RailwayThe importance of railway in the economic development of the country is discussed  under the following paras:

•      Economic balance: Balance of the economy depends on rapid and easy means of transportation. Railway is the major sector of road communication. Small farmers of the far off places of the country can participate in the competition for marketing their products. This helps create economic balance between rural and urban localities.

•   Industrialization: Importance of railway for establishment of heavy industries is not less than that of water ways. Railway is more desirable than any other means for transportation of heavy machinery by road. The industrial entrepreneurs with the advantages of railway are encouraged for establishing new industries.

•  Wide marketing system: Railway plays vital role in marketing the products of the people coming from different distant rural areas at different marketing centres. It can also play very important role in determining the market conditions as well as looking for prospective market for the buyers and sellers.

•       Mobility of labour: About two third of employment of the country depends on agriculture and for this reason the people become seasonally unemployed. In this situation railway can go a long way for mobilization of labour from one place to another for employment generation. The needy seasonally unemployed workforce can shift themselves to different places where employment opportunities prevail.

•      Transportation at minimum freight: Since railway transport is less expensive, it is more viable and profitable for exporting and importing different commodities.

•      Raises government revenue: Multi-ownership is recognized in the water and road transport by the communication law of the country. But for controlling the major share of the railway by the public sector and allowing a very small portion under private management, total revenue earnings from this sector goes to the government exchequer. Thus the government revenue increases which enables the government to undertake different development programmes in the country. Recently the government decided to partially transfer railway to the private management. It is expected that in near future total railway management will be left to the private sector.

•       Security of transportation: Railway has the long-standing heritage and good will in carrying goods. Chance of damage or theft is very little here. Therefore, the businessmen prefer railway to any other system. In addition, foods in bulk quantity can be easily transported by railway and thus it is comparatively more popular.

•        Close link between rural and urban areas: Developed railway has reduced the rural-urban distance to a large extent. Adequate railway track will also reduce intense pressure of urban residential accommodation. Trade and commerce in both rural and urban areas will be developed. Literacy rate and socio-economic development of the country will be accelerated. All these facilities are also expected to further develop by the inter-districts and inter-cities railway services of the government.

•        Meets emergency: Contribution of railway is unparallel in relief operation activities during emergencies of the country. It also helps reduce grave situation caused by famine by carrying more goods at a time. Railway helped maintain its image by rapidly carrying relief and other necessary materials during the last flood, cyclone and tidal bore.

10.                         Employment opportunities: A good number of workforce remains engaged for loading and unloading goods and other materials from the railway wagons. Besides, some other vehicles like rickshaw, auto rickshaw, van, cart etc. are also required for carrying passengers and their luggage and many people earn livelihood for them and their members of the family out ot this.
Currently the Bangladesh Railway is facing very hard competition. This department earned revenue of 4,456.24 million and profit 2494.62 million tk.   Waterways of Bangladesh and its Importance Lower region of Bangladesh is given more importance as a medium of communication. A sizeable area of the low region has not yet been possible to bring under road transport system. We, therefore, have to depend on water transport for import-export and movement in the rainy season. Besides, water transport since easy and simple, it is very important to the people. Importance of waterways in Bangladesh is discussed asunder: 1. Commercial communication: Waterways is of significant importance for commercial communication. With the advantages of waterways, cities, ports, market places (bazars) etc. are growing in some special location on both sides of the river ways. It is possible to export many products at a time in the international market, which is not possible in the case of agricultural products. Therefore, waterways ' are of paramount importance for commercial communication.
2. Natural causes: Most of the areas of Bangladesh remains under water for about 6-7 months and for this reason it is not possible to construct road, or railway throughout the country. Waterways, therefore, are more suitable for, the people of low areas.
3. Economic causes: Fish is essential for nutrition. Fishes are naturally grown in the water places for the people of the country. Waterways do not require much maintenance. In special eases where the rivers lose their navigability due to appearance of chars, need be dredged and this needs money.
4. Water movement: Dams and roads are being constructed in the low lying area in the name of development. Most of these activities/ programmes are strategically defective. The local leaders or engineers working in the Upazilla parishad are not fully aware of the necessary demand for water reservoir in their respective localities and therefore, provision for adequate water or drainage is not kept at the time constructing such barrage or road. It is, therefore, necessary to give priority on flowing water before taking up any development programme. The rivers of Bangladesh are in no way less important because these are only Channels of drain out excess water.
5. Meets emergency: Rail or road transport may be disrupted due to different reasons, but chances of this type of disruption in water transport is very little. Therefore, it has gained much popularity.
6. Construction of culvert: Although railway transport is necessary for development of the country, it is not possible to construct many bridges, culverts for the government along the road. For this reason, waterways are still getting priority for journey/ movement to different far off destinations.
7. Employment generation: Majority of total workforce of the country is unskilled. Many of them are not even able to move inside or outside the country for employment. Most people try to be employed locally. Many earn their-livelihood through act of ferrying. Moreover, many are engaged in exploring natural resources preserved in water. For development of waterways a separate organization named ‘Inland Water Transport Authority’ was established in 1958.
Main responsibilities, among others, of this organization were to develop inland water transport system, construct and develop river and sea-ports, facilitate safe movement of ships, conduct survey in different waterways, install adequate signal system for night water- transport services, construct rest houses for the passengers, introduce ferry services for linkage with road transport manufacture and repair vessels, impart training facilities to the navigators and dredge rivers etc.The Inland Water Transport Authority since its taking over responsibility could not properly implement any programmes. Due to financial weakness of the country, targeted activities were set back every year aggravating different problems in the water transport. Although the government was keen to solve the problem, it could not adequately take up necessary measure due to financial constraint, lack of necessary equipment and technical know-how. This resulted in reducing depth vis-a-vis navigability of the rivers, which ultimately destroyed heritage of the waterway transport. Following measures can be suggested for solving the problems of waterway transport in Bangladesh:1. Reforms of waterways: It is necessary to take up necessary dredging so as to ensure navigability of the rivers throughout the year. Within the financial capability as well as budgetary allocation of the government, dredging of very important rivers should be taken up every year. The situation which initially creates hindrance to the course of rivers, needs be removed through dredging.
2. Ensures river ways security: All vessels should have wireless system to ensure security to the passengers during their journey. So that necessary action including sending message or relief team can be taken if case of accident. In addition to this, adequate signals need also he provided for proper shipping services in river and sea- waterways.
3. Construction of passenger rest house: Many of the riverine port do not possess necessary facilities for providing shelter to the passengers during sun, rain etc. Therefore, all ports should be well- equipped with rest room/ retiring room, dining and toilet facilities.
4. Application of law: The vessels under the private ownership in the country care very little to abide by the government rules. Instead of increasing necessary facilities for the passengers, the owners curtail the same and raise the fare also. The situation is so frustrating that the government rule is disobeyed by the private vessel management almost everywhere. Therefore, law enforcing agencies should be vigilant of ensuring necessary services to the passengers.
5. Ship building and repair workshop: Necessary workshops needs be built for manufacturing and repairing ships in certain river a sea port areas. It is to be ensured that any technical fault or defect will be locally removed. Besides, small launch and steamer should be built in the local workshop.
6. Execution of traffic law/rule: Traffic law/rule must be implemented in order to save the lives of the passengers during their journey by water transport. Steps also need be taken so that water transport like boat, launch, steamer, ship etc. can carry excess passengers and goods. Specific time table also needs be maintained. This is also very important to issue license or cancel it considering the quality and standard of the vehicle/transport.
7. Preparation of jetty at all stations: To facilitate journey or movement of the passenger, jetty should be prepared for all stations/ghats. This will ensure quick journey and save time of the passengers.
8. Training facilities for the navigators/sailors: All navigators/sailors should have the facilities for undergoing training for all types of vessels. The unskilled and inexperienced drivers caused many accidents in the past resulting many untimely death tolls. Therefore, drivers of the vessels should undergo compulsory training and after successful completion of such training they should be finally appointed.
 B I W T A and B I W T CThe Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority (BIWTA) was reorganized and Banladesh Shipping corporation (BSC) was established on 5 February 1972 with a view to developing trade and commerce locally and internationally. At the time of outset of its journey , the Bangladesh Shipping Corporation had no ship. It could procure only 13 small and big ships to its fleet up to2003.of which 10 were cargo ships. 1 container ship and 2 lighterage tankers. Ships of the Shipping corporation of Bangladesh moves in the following sea routes for development of international trade:

•      Bangladesh-Pakistan West Asians Gulf Ports, Red Sea.

•       Bangladesh-Singapore Feeder service

•      Foodstuff Lighterage Service

•      Crude Oil Lighterage service.

Although Bangladesh Shipping corporation was established with the objective of making it a commercially viable organization, it incurred losses of crores of taka during the last 38 years due to its inefficient operational plans and administrative lapses in different fields. Besides this, the Corporation also received loans of hundred and crores of taka from different banks. All these led the organization to become a losing cancer in stead of being a profitable one.Air Transport:
Importance of air transport in the present world’s transport and communication system can hardly be denied. Apart from speed, importance of air transport in establishing educational, cultural and external relationship with different nations of the word is most significant. The Bangladesh Biman as the carrier of national flag was established in January 1972 for development of overall airways of the country. Although new, its progress in the internal and external flight operations is satisfactory during this short period. Initially, Biman had no air craft of its own. The Bangladesh Biman through flight operation from Dhaka to Chittagong by a DC-3 aircraft procured from India in February 1972 started its journey for the first time. In order to modernize Biman fleet with new generation aircraft, Biman signed two agreements with Boeing in April and May 2008 for purchasing new generation 4 X 777-300ER, 4 X 787-8 and 2 X 737-800 aircraft. Three 777-300ER aircraft joined Biman fleet in October/November 2011 and February 2014. The 4th 777-300ER is being delivered on 21 March 2014. Besides, two 737-800s and four new 787-8s are scheduled to be delivered by Boeing in November/December 2015 and 2019-2020. Currently Biman is operating 02 domestic and 18 international destinations
Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB)Telecommunication also plays a significant rosle like transportation for the development of the country. Considering its importance, all kinds of communication of the modern world are controlled with the help of high powered computer. Remarkable different exists between the developing and developed nations since the former is not so much advanced in this regard. This is intimately connected with socio-economic development of the country. Telecommunication is of immense importance in the national security, health, agriculture , education, industry and administration of the country. The Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board is entrusted with the responsibilities of proper planning of domestic and external tele-link its installation, operation maintenance and control. Although implementation of some projects for development of tele-communication has been successfully completed during recent times the present tele-communication services are not adequate to meet the increasing demand for it. The BBT Board is yet expected  to meet the demand for tele-communication of the country in near future. Private investment has also been introduced in order to meet the continuous demand for telephones as well as to render improved services. As a result of this, competition and quality of services increased. Telephone lines in Bangladesh was last measured at 1138946 in 2013, according to the World Bank. Meantime, necessary network had been established by 6 privet companies. About 105051000 in 2013, according to the World Bank  were get cell phones connection.Bangladesh Post Office
Bangladesh Post Office is one of the important public utility departments responsible for providing postal facilities to the door steps of the public at a minimum cost. The government has establish domestic and international postal services with a view to meeting its increasing demand in the country as well as for its rapid expansion. The Postal Department bears significant importance for development of trade and commerce and other economic aspects of the country. The Department also introduced Postal Saving Certificate and Saving Banking system side by side with public utility services in order to promote public savings. It has been raising fund for the development programmes  of the country through Saving Bank and Postal Life Insurance. In addition, the Department increased its heritage and also developed mutual relationship gradually through participating in the money market. Postal links have already been established with all countries of the world. Besides, the Department has been able to introduce insured letter services to 51 countries, insured parcel to 59 countries and uninsured letter services to 146 countries of the world up to 1993. It has further advanced in public utility services by introducing emergency postal services or express mail services in and outside the country. This Department is expected to sustain it popularity in public interest in future.Bangladesh Radio and Bangladesh Television
The contribution of Radio Bangladesh and Bangladesh Television is widely recognized as the large mass communication of the country. These two media are unparallel for establishing cultural linkage with the mass people in different areas of the country. In addition, these are playing pioneering role in the field of development and spreading education. These media are also motivating the people in the nation building task by broadcasting and telecasting different programmes on education, self-reliance, utilizing modern equipment etc. during intervals of recreation programmes. All areas of the country have already been brought under radio and television. The media through broadcasting and telecasting different news on national development and other issues are making the people more conscious and educated. Like other sectors, private investment has also been encouraged in this field and in the meantime, private TV channel has been introduced while private metro services for radio have also been introduced.Information Technology SectorInformation Technology (IT) has brought about a world wide revolutionary change in the field of communication. On the backdrop of current globalisation and market economy, economic development of Bangladesh is not possible without developing this sector. Keeping this in mind, National Policy for Information and Communication Technology was announced in October,2002 and at the same time steps had been taken to formulate appropriate ICT Act to protect the market of domestic and foreign IT products as well as encourage external investment in this sector.The first ICT Incubator of Bangladesh has already been established. E-governance /E-government are intimately connected with operation of modern government. The Government of Bangladesh has taken initiative to introduce E/governance in. There is no alternative of computer-literate and efficient manpower for rapid expansion of the country for ensuring efficiency, transparency and accountability in administration information and communication technology in the country. To this end, a number of 690 computers have been provided with necessary training. In school and college teachers separately in Dhaka. A project proposal land of 231.68 acres at KaliaKoir near Dhaka. This park will have the facilities of IT institutes in the country engaged in computer education programmed.
 

References:

1.     Information Department, Ministry of Information, Govt. of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Bangladesh New vision, 1998.

2.     Bangladesh Economic Review 2009.

3.      Wikipedia

4.     Internet

5.     Bangladesh studies (Md. Shamsul kabir khan and Dr. Daulatunnaher khanam)